Northern Queensland was first visited by Europeans when Captain Cook was forced to berth his damaged ship, the Endeavor, on the coast. The area remained a mystery for almost another 100 years, however until other intrepid Europeans ventured north. These expeditions were perilous and explorers were faced with harsh conditions and hostile Aboriginal tribes. In 1844 Ludwig Leichardt and his group set out from Brisbane to Port Essington but most of the men were killed or wounded by Aborigines. In 1848, Edmund Kennedy led an expedition from Cairns to the top of Cape York. All but two of this party perished including Kennedy who was speared by Aborigines.